French election 2017: Why is it important?
The world is watching to see if France becomes the next major country to challenge liberal values and the political establishment.
Two of the four candidates leading in the polls occupy the political extremes – the far-right Marine Le Pen and hard-left Jean-Luc Mélenchon.
The victory of either would place a question mark over France’s continued membership of the EU in its present form. Were it to leave, could the EU survive the exit of one of its founding fathers?
And Thursday’s fatal assault on a policeman by a Paris gunman – just the latest in a spate of attacks that has plagued the country – has only heightened the febrile atmosphere.
After the Brexit vote in the UK and election of US President Donald Trump, could France be the next nation to deal a blow to politics as usual?
What is new about this election?
The unpopular President François Hollande, a Socialist, is not seeking a second term – the first French president to opt out in modern history.
There are 11 candidates and the race is wide open. None looks likely to win more than 50% in the first round of voting on 23 April, so a run-off on 7 May seems assured.
French politics has historically been dominated by parties of the left and centre-right, but this model could be shattered this time around.
The Socialist candidate, Benoît Hamon, is seen as out of the running. His conservative rival, Republicans’ candidate François Fillon, has had to battle to stay in the race after he was plunged into a judicial inquiry over “fake jobs”.
Who could win?
If you believe the opinion polls there are two front-runners, far-right National Front leader Ms Le Pen and centrist Emmanuel Macron.
Ms Le Pen took over the leadership of the FN from her father in 2011 and has worked hard to “detoxify” the party from its extreme past.
Mr Macron, a 39-year-old ex-investment banker, was economy minister under President Hollande but resigned in 2016 to fight for the presidency as head of his En Marche! (On the move) party. Not only has he never been an MP – he has never stood for election.
The early favourite was Mr Fillon, but his hopes were dented by allegations that he paid his wife public money for work she did not do. He is now under formal investigation, blaming a political conspiracy, but he is not out of the race and his team is still confident of making the second round.
Image copyrightAFPA surprise package in the election is far-left stalwart Mr Mélenchon, whose witty charisma has attracted new supporters.
A 65-year-old former Socialist minister who left the party in 2008, he now leads La France Insoumise (Unbowed France) and has used hologram technology to address separate rallies simultaneously.
Image copyrightAFP/GETTY IMAGESFrench election 2017: Who are the candidates?
What are the issues?
One of the overriding issues facing French voters is unemployment, which stands at almost 10% and is the eighth highest among the 28 EU member states. One in four under-25s is unemployed.
The French economy has made a slow recovery from the 2008 financial crisis and all the leading candidates say deep changes are needed.
Economic challenges facing next president
The International Monetary Fund estimates that it will be hard to get unemployment down much below 8.5%, and highlights France’s “deep-rooted structural rigidities”.
Image copyrightAFPWhat about security?
It’s also high on the agenda, with the voting taking place three days after the Paris shooting and five days after two men were detained in Marseille on suspicion of plotting an attack.
More than 230 people have died in terror attacks since January 2015 and France remains under a state of emergency. Officials fear more of the hundreds of young French Muslims who have travelled to Syria and Iraq may return to commit new atrocities.
As French voters cast their ballots at 67,000 polling stations across the land, 50,000 police will try to ensure they are safe, and further elite units are on alert.
Many predict attacks linked to Islamists will give a boost to the chances of the right, and particularly Ms Le Pen, who has vowed to suspend all legal immigration and give jobs, welfare, housing and school provision to French nationals before foreigners.
In fact, intelligence services work on the assumption the attackers are deliberately pursuing a Le Pen victory, says the BBC’s Hugh Schofield in Paris – because that could tip the country into chaos.
What’s all this about a hologram?
Far-left candidate Jean-Luc Mélenchon kicked off his campaign by appearing at rallies in Lyon and Paris and creating a social media buzz.
Image copyrightAFP/GETTYHe and Ms Le Pen are the masters of social media – she has 1.38 million followers on Twitter, he has 300,000 YouTube subscribers.
The phenomenon of fake news has also made an appearance, with an Algerian news organisation picking up a spoof story that Ms Le Pen planned to build a wall around France and make Algeria pay for it.
Is the Fillon payment affair fake news?
That’s what an investigating judge is hoping to find out.
Satirical weekly Le Canard Enchainé says his wife Penelope was paid €831,400 (£710,000; $900,000) for work as a parliamentary assistant that she did not carry out. One report suggested she did not even have a parliamentary pass or a work email.
She is also said to have pocketed €100,000 for writing just a handful of articles for a literary review owned by a billionaire friend of the family.
Mr Fillon insists everything was above board and says the investigation against him is a “political assassination” designed to deny French voters the choice of a centre-right candidate.
What makes the National Front far-right?
Ms Le Pen is fighting to appeal to the centre and left of French politics after working to move the party away from the image of her father, who has been repeatedly convicted for hate speech and describing the Holocaust as a “detail of history”.